Skip to main content
Mijn bibliotheek
Ga naar:
Nieuws Boeken Tijdschriften Toetsvragen Web-tv Video Audio
Tips voor Mijn BSL
BSL Shop
Inloggen

Welkom bij Erasmus MC & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Erasmus MC heeft ervoor gezorgd dat je Mijn BSL eenvoudig en snel kunt raadplegen. Je kunt je links eenvoudig registreren. Met deze gegevens kun je thuis, of waar ook ter wereld toegang krijgen tot Mijn BSL.

» Andere revante producten voor Erasmus MC studenten en medewerkers.

Registreer

Om ook buiten de locaties van Erasmus MC, thuis bijvoorbeeld, van Mijn BSL gebruik te kunnen maken, moet je jezelf eenmalig registreren. Dit kan alleen vanaf een computer op een van de locaties van Erasmus MC.

Eenmaal geregistreerd kun je thuis of waar ook ter wereld onbeperkt toegang krijgen tot Mijn BSL.

Login

Als u al geregistreerd bent, hoeft u alleen maar in te loggen om onbeperkt toegang te krijgen tot Mijn BSL.

Inloggen
Top
Cognitive Therapy and Research
Gepubliceerd in:

01-06-2006

Effects of Approach and Avoid Mindsets on Performance, Self-regulatory Cognition, and Affect in a Multi-task Environment

Auteurs: Paul Karoly, Craig Newton

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 3/2006

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail
    Link delen
publish
Publiceer nu

Abstract

Despite numerous studies of approach- and avoidant mindsets, relatively little research has addressed the impact of such motivational orientations on performance and emotion in a real-time, multi-task setting. A laboratory simulation is reported that examines the influence of an induced approach-centered, an avoidance-centered, and a “neutral” motivational mindset upon multiple aspects of task performance, self-regulatory cognition, and affect. Undergraduate females randomly assigned to one of three mindset conditions performed a simulated automobile drive across one practice and two experimental trials. Dependent measures included divided attention, behavioral indicators of driving “cautiousness” in relatively safe straight roadway sections as well as during more risk-filled driving, multiple aspects of self-regulatory thinking (including self-monitoring, intended effort, and self-administered consequences), and positive and negative affect. Results revealed that the avoidant mindset produced poorer executive attention (i.e., fewer correctly detected divided attention events), more “cautious” driving behavior and reduced performance variability (i.e., greater control) when driving on presumably safe, straight roadway sections, lower self-reports of intended effort, and greater negative affect relative to the approach mindset. Results are intepreted within a self-regulation-centered motivational framework. Implications of the multi-task simulation for the study of normal and disordered adjustment are considered.
vorige artikel Development and Validation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale for Children: Tests of Beck’s Cognitive Diathesis-stress Theory of Depression, of Its Causal Mediation Component, and of Developmental Effects
volgende artikel Extreme Goal Setting and Vulnerability to Mania Among Undiagnosed Young Adults
Literatuur
Anderson, J. R., Bothell, D., Byrne, M. D., Douglass, S., Lebiere, C., & Qin, Y. (2004). An integrated theory of mind. Psychological Review, 111, 1036–1060.CrossRef
Anshel, M. H., & Martin, M. B. (1996). Effect of divergent self-monitoring strategies on motor performance and emotion as a function of alternating task complexity. Journal of Sport Sciences, 14, 233–242.CrossRef
Bachorowski, J., & Newman, J. P. (1990). Impulsive motor behavior: Effects of personality and goal salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 512–518.PubMedCrossRef
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (2005). The primacy of self-regulation in health promotion. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54, 245–254.CrossRef
Barkley, R. A. (2004). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and self-regulation. In R. F. Baumeister, & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 301–323). New York: Guilford.
Barone, D. F., Maddux, J. E., & Snyder, C. R. (1997). Social cognitive psychology: History and current domains. New York: Plenum.
Boekaerts, M., Maes, S., & Karoly, P. (2005). Self-regulation across domains of applied psychology: Is there an emerging consensus? Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54, 149–154.CrossRef
Bogdan, R. (1994). Grounds for cognition: How goal-guided behavior shapes the mind. Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum.
Bourbon, W. T., & Powers, W. T. (1999). Models and their worlds. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 50, 445–461.CrossRef
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Principles of self-regulation: Action and emotion. In E. T. Higgins, & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition, vol. 2 (pp. 3–52). New York: Guilford.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cervone, D., Jiwani, N., & Wood, R. (1991). Goal-setting and the differential influence of self-regulatory processes on complex decision-making performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 257–266.PubMedCrossRef
Coats, E. J., Janoff-Bulman, R., & Alpert, N. (1996). Approach versus avoidance goals: Differences in self-evaluation and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1057–1067.
Damos D. L. (Ed.). (1991). Multiple-task performance. London: Taylor & Francis.
Davis, M. C., Zautra, A. J., & Smith, B. W. (2004). Chronic pain, stress, and the dynamics of affective differentiation. Journal of Personality, 72, 1132–1159.CrossRef
Elliott, E., & Dweck, C. S. (1988). Goals: An approach to motivation and achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 5–12.PubMedCrossRef
Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., & Morris, A. (2002). Regulation, resilience, and quality of social functioning. Self and Identity, 1, 121–128.CrossRef
Elsner, B., & Hommel, B. (2001). Effect anticipation and action control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 229–240.PubMedCrossRef
Emmons, R. A. (1999). The psychology of ultimate concerns. New York: Guilford.
Fiske, S. T. (1993). Social cognition and social perception. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 155–194.PubMedCrossRef
Flanagan, O. J. (1984). The science of mind. Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press.
Ford, D. H. (1987). Humans as self-constructing living systems: A developmental perspective on behavior and personality. Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum.
Ford, D. H., & Urban, H. B. (1998) Contemporary models of psychotherapy: A comparative Analysis. New York: Wiley.
Fowles, D. C. (1988). Psychophysiology and psychopathology: A motivational approach. Psychophysiology, 25, 373–391.PubMed
Fowles, D. C. (1992). Motivational approach to anxiety disorders. In D. G. Forgays, T. Sosnowski, & K. Wrzesniewski (Eds.), Anxiety: Recent developments in cognitive, psychophysiological, and health research (pp. 181–192). Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere Publishing.
Franken, R. E. (1994). Human motivation (3rd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA.: Brooks/Cole.
Frith, C. D., & Done, D. J. (1989). Experiences of alien control in schizophrenia reflect a disorder in the central monitoring of action. Psychological Medicine, 19, 359–363.PubMedCrossRef
Giancola, P. R., & Tarter, R. E. (1999). Executive cognitive functioning and risk for substance abuse. Psychological Science, 10, 203–205.CrossRef
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1990). Action phases and mindsets. In E. T. Higgins, & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition, vol. 2 (pp. 53–92). New York: Guilford.
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Brandstatter, V. (1997). Implemention intentions and effective goal pursuit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 186–199.CrossRef
Gray, J. A. (1987). The psychology of fear and stress. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gray, J. A. (1994). Framework for a taxonomy of psychiatric disorder. In S. H. M. Van Goozen, N. E. Van de Poll, & J. A. Sargeant (Eds.), Emotions: Essays on emotion theory (pp. 29–59). Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum.
Greisberg, S., & McKay, D. (2003). Neuropsychology of obsessive–compulsive disorder: A review and treatment implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 95–117.PubMedCrossRef
Groeger, J. A. (2000). Understanding driving: Applying cognitive psychology to a complex everyday task. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Hatakka, M., Keskinen, E., Gregersen, N. P., Glad, A., & Hernetkoski, K. (2002). From control of the vehicle to personal self-control: Broadening the perspectives to driver education. Transportation Research, Part F, 5, 201–215.
Higgins, E. T. (1996). Emotional experiences: The pains and pleasures of distinct regulatory systems. In R. D. Kavanaugh, B. Zimmerberg, & S. Fein (Eds.), Emotion: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 203–241). Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.
Higgins, E. T., & Spiegel, S. (2004). Promotion and prevention strategies for self-regulation: A motivated cognition perspective. In R. F. Baumeister, & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 171–187). New York: Guilford.
Hilton, J. L., & Darley, J. M. (1991). The effects of interaction goals on person perception. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 24 (pp. 235–267). San Diego, CA.: Academic Press.
Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2002). The role of prefrontal cortex in working memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual differences perspective. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 637–671.
Kanfer, R., & Ackerman, P. L. (1989). Motivation and cognitive abilities: An integrative aptitude-treatment interaction approach to skill acquisition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 657–690.CrossRef
Karoly, P. (1993a). Mechanisms of self-regulation: A systems view. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 23–52.CrossRef
Karoly, P. (1993b). Goal systems: An organizing framework for clinical assessment and treatment planning. Psychological Assessment, 5, 273–280.CrossRef
Karoly, P. (1998a). Expanding the conceptual range of health self- regulation research: A commentary. Psychology and Health, 13, 741–746.
Karoly, P. (May, 1998b). Intentional mindsets: Goal framing in seven dimensions. In Paper presented at the 10th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, Washington, D. C.
Karoly, P. (1999). A goal systems-self-regulatory perspective on personality, psychopathology, and change. Review of General Psychology, 3, 264–291.CrossRef
Karoly, P. (2005). Self-control. In M. Hersen, & J. Rosqvist (Eds.), Encyclopedia of behavior modification and cognitive behavior therapy (pp. 504–508). Beverly Hills, CA.: Sage.
Karoly, P., & Anderson, C. W. (2000). The long and short of psychological change: Toward a goal-centered understanding of treatment durability and adaptive success. In C. R. Snyder, & R. E. Ingram (Eds.), Handbook of psychological change (pp. 154–176). New York: Wiley.
Karoly, P., Boekaerts, M., & Maes, S. (2005). Toward a consensus in the psychology of self-regulation: How far have we come? How far do we yet have to travel? Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54, 300–311.CrossRef
Kirschenbaum, D. S., & Karoly, P. (1977). When self-regulation fails: Tests of some preliminary hypotheses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 1116–1125.CrossRef
Krasnegor, N. A., Lyon, G. R., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1997). Development of the prefrontal cortex. Baltimore: Paul Brookes.
Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. M. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: “Seizing” and “freezing”. Psychological Review, 103, 263–283.PubMedCrossRef
Kuhl, J. (1992). A theory of self-regulation: Action versus state orientation, self-discrimination, and some applications. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 41, 95–173.
Kuhl, J. (1996). Who controls whom when “I control myself”? Psychological Inquiry, 7, 61–68.CrossRef
Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Leff, H. L. (1978). Experience, environment, and human potentials. New York: Oxford University Press.
Logan, G. D. (2003). Executive control of thought and action: In search of the wild homunculus. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 45–48.CrossRef
Luchins, A. S., & Luchins, E. H. (1959). Rigidity of behavior: A variational approach to the effect of Einstellung. Eugene, OR.: University of Oregon Books.
Lyon G. R., & Krasnegor N. A. (Eds.). (1996). Attention, memory, and executive function. Baltimore, Maryland: P. H. Brookes.
Maes, S., & Karoly, P. (2005). Self-regulation assessment and intervention in physical health and illness: A review. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54, 267–299.CrossRef
Meegan, S. P., & Berg, C. A. (2001). Whose life task is it anyway? Social appraisal and life task pursuit. Journal of Personality, 69, 363–389.PubMedCrossRef
Meyer, B., Beevers, C. G., & Johnson, S. L. (2004). Goal appraisals and vulnerability to bipolar disorder: A Personal Projects analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 173–182.CrossRef
Meyer, S. E., Carlson, G. A., Wiggs, E. A., Martinez, P. E., Ronsaville, D. S., Klimes-Dugan, B., Gold, P. W., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (2004). A prospective study of the association among impaired executive functioning, childhood attentional problems, and the development of bipolar disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 461–476.PubMedCrossRef
McClelland, D. C. (1987). Human motivation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mischel, W., & Ayduk, O. (2002). Self-regulation in a cognitive-affective-personality system: Attentional control in the service of the self. Self and Identity, 1, 113–120.CrossRef
Mischel, W., Cantor, N., & Feldman, S. (1996). Principles of self-regulation: The nature of willpower and self-control. In E. T. Higgins, & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 329–360). New York: Guilford.
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contribution to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49–100.PubMedCrossRef
Monsell, S. (1996). Control of mental processes. In V. Bruce (Ed.), Unsolved mysteries of the mind: Tutorial essays in cognition (pp. 93–148). Hove, United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
Morf, C. C., & Mischel, W. (2002). Introduction to Special Issue: Self-concept, self-regulation, and psychological vulnerability. Self and Identity, 1, 103–104.CrossRef
Navon, D., & Miller, J. (1987). Role of outcome conflict in dual-task interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 13, 435–448.PubMedCrossRef
Nuttin, J. (1984). Motivation, planning, and action: A relational theory of behavior dynamics. Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum.
Nygren, T. E. (1997). Framing of task performance strategies: Effects of performance in a multiattribute dynamic decision making environment. Human Factors, 39, 425–437.PubMedCrossRef
Pickering, A. D., & Gray, J. A. (1999). The neuroscience of personality. In L. A. Pervin, & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality. 2nd edn (pp. 277–299). New York: Guilford.
Powers, W. T. (1973). Behavior: The control of perception. Chicago: Aldine.
Roney, C. J. R., Higgins, E. T., & Shah, J. (1995). Goals and framing: How outcome focus influences motivation and emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1151–1160.
Sayette, M. A. (2004). Self-regulatory failure and addiction. In R. F. Baumeister, & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications. New York: Guilford.
Schneider, W., & Chein, J. M. (2003). Controlled and automatic processing: Behavior, theory, and biological mechanisms. Cognitive Science, 27, 525–559.CrossRef
Schultheis, M. T., & Mourant, R. R. (2001). Virtual reality and driving: The road to better assessment for cognitively impaired populations. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 10, 431–439.CrossRef
Shah, J., & Higgins, E. T. (1997). Expectancy × value effects: Regulatory focus as determinant of magnitude and direction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 447–458.PubMedCrossRef
Shakow, D. (1979). Adaptation in schizophrenia: The theory of segmental set. New York: Wiley.
Singer, R. N. (2000). Performance and human factors: Considerations about cognition and attention for self-paced and externally-paced events. Ergonomics, 43, 1661–1680.PubMedCrossRef
Sternberg, R. J. (1997). Thinking styles. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. J., & Grigorenko, E. L. (1997). Are cognitive styles still in style? American Psychologist, 52, 700–712.CrossRef
Strauman, T. J. (2002). Self-regulation and depression. Self and Identity, 1, 151–157.CrossRef
Strayer, D. L., Drews, F. A., & Johnston, W. A. (2003). Cell phone-induced failures of visual attention during simulated driving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 9, 23–32.PubMedCrossRef
Stuss, D. T. (1992). Biological and psychological development of executive functions. Brain and Cognition, 20, 8–23.PubMedCrossRef
Taylor, S. E. (1991). Asymmetrical effects of positive and negative events: The mobilization–minimization hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 67–85.PubMedCrossRef
Tesser, A. (2002). Constructing a niche for the self: A bio-social, PDP approach to understanding lives. Self and Identity, 1, 185–190.CrossRef
Tversky, A., & Kahnemann, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211, 453–458.PubMedCrossRef
Vieth, A.Z., Strauman, T. J., Kolden, G. G., Woods, T. E., Michels, J. L., & Klein, M. H. (2003). Self-system therapy (SST): A theory-based psychotherapy for depression. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 245–268.CrossRef
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.PubMedCrossRef
Wright, R. A., & Brehm, J. W. (1986). Energization and goal attractiveness. In L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Goal concepts in personality and social psychology (pp. 169–210). Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
Metagegevens
Titel
Effects of Approach and Avoid Mindsets on Performance, Self-regulatory Cognition, and Affect in a Multi-task Environment
Auteurs
Paul Karoly
Craig Newton
Publicatiedatum
01-06-2006
Gepubliceerd in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 3/2006
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9047-4

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2006

Development and Validation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale for Children: Tests of Beck’s Cognitive Diathesis-stress Theory of Depression, of Its Causal Mediation Component, and of Developmental Effects

  • Original Paper

Social Anxiety and the Fear of Causing Discomfort to Others

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Expanded Hopelessness Theory of Depression: On the Mechanisms by which Social Support Protects Against Depression

Extreme Goal Setting and Vulnerability to Mania Among Undiagnosed Young Adults

  • Original Article

Cognitive-Behavioral Models of Emotional Writing: A Validation Study

  • Original Article

A Self-Focused Attention Scale: Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE