Introduction
The objective of this presentation is to highlight the clinical and laboratory-based research related to posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD).
Methods and results
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Defining the flatfoot: clinical, foot pressure, radiologic
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Critical evaluation of flatfoot deformity: in vitro
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How often does the flatfoot occur?
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Normal arch development
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Why is the flatfoot a problem?
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Why does the flatfoot occur?
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Causes of flatfoot in adults
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○ 1. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD)
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○ 2. Arthritis: Midfoot, hindfoot, ankle
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○ 3. Hypermobile flatfoot
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○ 4. Neuropathic arthropathy
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○ 5. Fracture malunion
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○ 6. Inflammatory arthropathy
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○ 7. Peroneal spastic flatfoot
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○ 8. Neuromuscular disorder
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○ 9. Other
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PTTD etiology
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PT muscle, tendon anatomy
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PT function
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PT muscle activity during gait
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Factors predisposing to PTTD
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○ PT gliding resistance
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PT pathoanatomy
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Natural history of PTTD
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PTTD evaluation: symptoms, signs
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Investigative studies
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Gait analysis in PTTD patients
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Simulated walking: Normal, PTTD [4]
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PTTD treatment
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PTTD treatment results
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Failures, complications
Conclusion
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Current recommendations
Acknowledgements
Kai-Nan An, PhD; Kenton R Kaufman, PhD
Open AccessThis article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
