Top

20-03-2025 | Empirical Research

The Impact of Increasing Subjective Economic Inequality on Prosocial Behavior Development: The Longitudinal Mediating Effect of Trust and Moderating Effect of Socioeconomic Status

Auteurs: Lin-Xin Wang, Yue Ding, Jing Lin, Xin Shi, Yin Huang, Yu Kou

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence

Abstract

While the adverse effects of economic inequality on prosocial behavior have been well-documented, the dynamic processes and underlying mechanisms during emerging adulthood remain equivocal. Whether this relation is consistent across different socioeconomic status groups also awaits to be unveiled. To address these gaps, this three-year longitudinal study shed light on the developmental nature of subjective economic inequality, trust, as well as prosocial behavior, and the nuance within such associations across low- and high-socioeconomic status groups. This study collected data from 1065 Chinese emerging adults (649 females; M_age = 18.34 years, SD = 0.77) at Time 1, with 981 (attrition rate = 7.88%), 874 (attrition rate = 10.91%), and 830 (attrition rate = 5.03%) participating in Time 2, Time 3, and Time 4, respectively. Results of latent growth modeling found that subjective economic inequality increased, whereas trust and prosocial behavior declined over time. Initial levels of subjective economic inequality were indirectly through initial trust linked to the initial levels of and changes in prosocial behavior. Multi-group results revealed that in the high-socioeconomic status group, initial subjective economic inequality affected subsequent growth in prosocial behavior via changes in trust, whereas in the low-socioeconomic status group, the effect occurred through initial trust. These findings highlight that declining trust is the central mechanism by which subjective economic inequality reduces prosocial behavior, with different influencing pathways across socioeconomic status groups in the Chinese cultural context.

The Gini coefficient is widely used measure of economic inequality, with values ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality).

Adler, N. E., Epel, E. S., Castellazzo, G., & Ickovics, J. R. (2000). Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: Preliminary data in healthy, white women. Health Psychology, 19, 586–592. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.19.6.586.CrossRefPubMed

Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469.CrossRefPubMed

Arnett, J. J., Žukauskienė, R., & Sugimura, K. (2014). The new life stage of emerging adulthood at ages 18–29 years: Implications for mental health. The Lancet Psychiatry, 1(7), 569–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00080-7.CrossRefPubMed

Barone, G., & Mocetti, S. (2016). Inequality and trust: New evidence from panel data. Economic Inquiry, 54(2), 794–809. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12309.CrossRef

Bollen, K. A., & Curran, P. J. (2006). Latent curve models: A structural equation perspective. (John Wiley & Sons.

Buttrick, N. R., & Oishi, S. (2017). The psychological consequences of income inequality. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(3), e12304 https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12304. Article.CrossRef

Caprara, G. V., Steca, P., Zelli, A., & Capanna, C. (2005). A new scale for measuring adults’ prosocialness. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(2), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.21.2.77.CrossRef

Cao, H., Zhou, N., Li, X., Serido, J., & Shim, S. (2021). Temporal dynamics of the association between financial stress and depressive symptoms throughout the emerging adulthood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 211–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.166.CrossRefPubMed

Carlo, G., Crockett, L. J., Randall, B. A., & Roesch, S. C. (2007). A latent growth curve analysis of prosocial behavior among rural adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17, 301–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2007.00524.x.CrossRef

Carlo, G., Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nielson, M. G. (2015). Longitudinal bidirectional relations between adolescents’ sympathy and prosocial behavior. Developmental Psychology, 51(12), 1771–1777. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000056.CrossRefPubMed

Carrizales, A., Carlo, G., & Lannegrand, L. (2025). A parallel-process analysis of the longitudinal associations between adolescents’ empathy and prosocial behaviors. Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001937

Chambers, J. R., Swan, L. K., & Heesacker, M. (2014). Better off than we know: Distorted perceptions of incomes and income inequality in America. Psychological Science, 25(2), 613–618. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613504965.CrossRefPubMed

Cheng, L., Hao, M., & Wang, F. (2021). Beware of the ‘bad guys’: Economic inequality, perceived competition, and social vigilance. International Review of Social Psychology, 34(1), 9 https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.497. Article.CrossRef

Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5.CrossRef

Chiang, Y.-S., & Chen, J. C. (2019). Does inequality cause a difference in altruism between the rich and the poor? Evidence from a laboratory experiment. Social Indicators Research, 144(1), 73–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-2029-6.CrossRef

Choe, J. (2008). Income inequality and crime in the United States. Economics Letters, 101, 31–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2008.03.025.CrossRef

Cirimele, F., Pastorelli, C., Remondi, C., Zuffianò, A., Thartori, E., Gerbino, M., Di Giunta, L., Bacchini, D., Oburu, P., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Steinberg, L., Uribe Tirado, L. M., Yotanyamaneewong, S., Peña Alampay, L., Al-Hassan, S. M., Bornstein, M. H., Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., & Lansford, J. E. (2024). The development of prosocial behavior from late childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal and multicultural study. Frontiers in Developmental Psychology, 2, 1472589 https://doi.org/10.3389/fdpys.2024.1472589. Article.CrossRef

Côté, S., House, J., & Willer, R. (2015). High economic inequality leads higher-income individuals to be less generous. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(52), 15838–15843. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511536112.CrossRef

Crocetti, E., Moscatelli, S., Van Der Graaff, J., Rubini, M., Meeus, W., & Branje, S. (2016). The interplay of self–certainty and prosocial development in the transition from late adolescence to emerging adulthood. European Journal of Personality, 30(6), 594–607. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2084.CrossRef

Damian, E. (2019). Formal volunteering in Europe: Evidence across nations and time. Cross-Cultural Research, 53(4), 385–409. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118802228.CrossRef

Delhey, J., & Dragolov, G. (2014). Why inequality makes Europeans less happy: The role of distrust, status anxiety, and perceived conflict. European Sociological Review, 30(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jct033.CrossRef

Derks, J., Lee, N. C., & Krabbendam, L. (2014). Adolescent trust and trustworthiness: Role of gender and social value orientation. Journal of Adolescence, 37(8), 1379–1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.09.014.CrossRefPubMed

Ding, Y., Wu, J., Ji, T., Chen, X., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2022). Perceptions of having less in the U.S. but having more in China are associated with stronger inequality aversion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 101, 104342 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104342. Article.CrossRef

Du, H., Chi, P., & King, R. B. (2019). Economic inequality is associated with long‐term harm on adolescent well‐being in China. Child Development, 90(4), 1016–1026. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13253.CrossRefPubMed

Du, H., Götz, F. M., King, R. B., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2024). The psychological imprint of inequality: Economic inequality shapes achievement and power values in human life. Journal of Personality, 92(1), 222–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12758.CrossRefPubMed

Du, H., Huang, Y., Ma, L., Chen, X., Chi, P., & King, R. B. (2024). Subjective economic inequality is associated with lower well-being through more upward comparison and lower trust. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 16(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12467.CrossRefPubMed

Du, H., & King, R. B. (2022). What predicts perceived economic inequality? The roles of actual inequality, system justification, and fairness considerations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 61(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12468.CrossRefPubMed

Duquette, N. J. (2018). Inequality and philanthropy: High-income giving in the United States 1917–2012. Explorations in Economic History, 70, 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2018.08.002.CrossRef

Dys, S. P., Peplak, J., Colasante, T., & Malti, T. (2019). Children’s sympathy and sensitivity to excluding economically disadvantaged peers. Developmental Psychology, 55(3), 482–487. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000549.CrossRefPubMed

Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., & Shepard, S. A. (2005). Age changes in prosocial responding and moral reasoning in adolescence and early adulthood. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 15(3), 235–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2005.00095.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1998). Prosocial development. Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development. 5th ed. (pp. 701–778). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.)..

Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., & Morris, A. S. (2013). Prosocial development. In R. M. Lerner, L. S. Liben & U. Mueller (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science, cognitive processes (pp. 1–47). New Jersey, US: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy315

Elbæk, C. T., Mitkidis, P., Aarøe, L., & Otterbring, T. (2023). Subjective socioeconomic status and income inequality are associated with self-reported morality across 67 countries. Nature Communications, 14(1), 5453 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41007-0.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Elenbaas, L. (2019). Perceptions of economic inequality are related to children’s judgments about access to opportunities. Developmental Psychology, 55(3), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000550.CrossRefPubMed

Elenbaas, L., Rizzo, M. T., & Killen, M. (2020). A developmental-science perspective on social inequality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(6), 610–616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721420964147.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. (W.W. Norton.

Fergus, S., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26(1), 399–419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357.CrossRefPubMed

Flanagan, C. A., Kim, T., Pykett, A., Finlay, A., Gallay, E. E., & Pancer, M. (2014). Adolescents’ theories about economic inequality: Why are some people poor while others are rich? Developmental Psychology, 50(11), 2512–2525. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037934.CrossRefPubMed

Flynn, E., Ehrenreich, S. E., Beron, K. J., & Underwood, M. K. (2015). Prosocial behavior: Long‐term trajectories and psychosocial outcomes. Social Development, 24(3), 462–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12100.CrossRefPubMed

Gallego, A. (2016). Inequality and the erosion of trust among the poor: Experimental evidence. Socio-Economic Review, 14(3), 443–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mww010.CrossRef

García-Sánchez, E., Matamoros-Lima, J., Moreno-Bella, E., Melita, D., Sánchez-Rodríguez, Á., García-Castro, J. D., Rodríguez-Bailón, R., & Willis, G. B. (2024). Perceived economic inequality is negatively associated with subjective well-being through status anxiety and social trust. Social Indicators Research, 172(1), 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-024-03306-x.CrossRef

Gimpelson, V., & Treisman, D. (2018). Misperceiving inequality. Economics & Politics, 30(1), 27–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12103.CrossRef

Gobel, M. S., & Carvacho, H. (2024). The dynamic socioecological model of economic inequality and psychological tendencies: A cycle of mutual constitution. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 18(1), e12875 https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12875. Article.CrossRef

Greitemeyer, T., & Sagioglou, C. (2017). Increasing wealth inequality may increase interpersonal hostility: The relationship between personal relative deprivation and aggression. The Journal of Social Psychology, 157(6), 766–776. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2017.1288078.CrossRefPubMed

Grütter, J., & Buchmann, M. (2021). Developmental antecedents of young adults’ solidarity during the Covid‐19 pandemic: The role of sympathy, social trust, and peer exclusion from early to late adolescence. Child Development, 92(5), E832–E850. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13660.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hall, H. K., Millear, P. M. R., Summers, M. J., & Isbel, B. (2021). Longitudinal research on perspective taking in adolescence: A systematic review. Adolescent Research Review, 6(2), 125–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-021-00150-9.CrossRef

Hula, A., Moutoussis, M., Will, G.-J., Kokorikou, D., Reiter, A. M., Ziegler, G., Bullmore, E., Jones, P. B., Goodyer, I., Fonagy, P., Montague, P. R., & Dolan, R. J. (2021). Multi-round trust game quantifies inter-individual differences in social exchange from adolescence to adulthood. Computational Psychiatry, 5(1), 102–118. https://doi.org/10.5334/cpsy.65.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Jachimowicz, J. M., Davidai, S., Goya‐Tocchetto, D., Szaszi, B., Day, M. V., Tepper, S. J., Phillips, L. T., Mirza, M. U., Ordabayeva, N., & Hauser, O. P. (2023). Inequality in researchers’ minds: Four guiding questions for studying subjective perceptions of economic inequality. Journal of Economic Surveys, 37(5), 1534–1561. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12507.CrossRef

Jachimowicz, J. M., Szaszi, B., Lukas, M., Smerdon, D., Prabhu, J., & Weber, E. U. (2020). Higher economic inequality intensifies the financial hardship of people living in poverty by fraying the community buffer. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(7), 702–712. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0849-2.CrossRefPubMed

Jambon, M., & Malti, T. (2022). Developmental relations between children’s peer relationship quality and prosocial behavior: The mediating role of trust. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 183(3), 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2030293.CrossRefPubMed

Jetten, J., Peters, K., Álvarez, B., Casara, B. G. S., Dare, M., Kirkland, K., Sánchez, Á., Selvanathan, H. P., Sprong, S., Tanjitpiyanond, P., Wang, Z., & Mols, F. (2021). Consequences of economic inequality for the social and political vitality of society: A social identity analysis. Political Psychology, 42(S1), 241–266. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12800.CrossRef

Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., Mendoza-Denton, R., Rheinschmidt, M. L., & Keltner, D. (2012). Social class, solipsism, and contextualism: How the rich are different from the poor. Psychological Review, 119(3), 546–572. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028756.CrossRefPubMed

Lemmers-Jansen, I. L. J., Krabbendam, L., Veltman, D. J., & Fett, A.-K. J. (2017). Boys vs. girls: Gender differences in the neural development of trust and reciprocity depend on social context. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 25, 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2017.02.001.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lenz, B. (2001). The transition from adolescence to young adulthood: A theoretical perspective. The Journal of School Nursing, 17(6), 300–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405010170060401.CrossRefPubMed

Li, W., Wu, J., Yang, Y., Yuan, M., Lin, J., & Kou, Y. (2023). Longitudinal relations between perceived economic inequality and prosocial behavior among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of system justification. Children and Youth Services Review, 155, Article 107316 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107316.CrossRef

Lin, J., Li, W., Guo, Z., & Kou, Y. (2024). When and why does economic inequality predict prosocial behaviour? Examining the role of interpersonal trust among different targets. European Journal of Social Psychology, 54(1), 136–153. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.3007.CrossRef

Liu, X., Yue, J., & Yang, Y. (2024). Why so lonely? The direct and indirect associations between developmental trajectories of fear of negative evaluation, prosocial behavior and loneliness in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 53, 1699–1710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-024-01959-y.CrossRefPubMed

Macchia, L., & Whillans, A. V. (2021). The link between income, income inequality, and prosocial behavior around the world: A multiverse approach. Social Psychology, 52(6), 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000466.CrossRef

Malti, T., Averdijk, M., Zuffianò, A., Ribeaud, D., Betts, L. R., Rotenberg, K. J., & Eisner, M. P. (2016). Children’s trust and the development of prosocial behavior. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 40(3), 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025415584628.CrossRef

Malti, T., & Speidel, R. (2024). Development of prosociality and the effects of adversity. Nature Reviews Psychology, 3(8), 524–535. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-024-00328-7.CrossRef

McGinley, M., Davis, A. N., Carlo, G., Schwartz, S. J., Lorenzo-Blanco, E. I., Unger, J. B., Szapocznik, J., Baezconde-Garbanati, L., Soto, D. W., Des Rosiers, S. E., Villamar, J. A., & Lizzi, K. M. (2021). A parallel process model of integration and multidimensional prosocial behaviors in recent immigrant U.S. Latinx adolescents. Psychological Reports, 124(3), 1237–1267. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120928268.CrossRefPubMed

McLoyd, V. C. (2019). How children and adolescents think about, make sense of, and respond to economic inequality: Why does it matter? Developmental Psychology, 55(3), 592–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000691.CrossRefPubMed

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2012). Mplus user’s guide: Statistical analysis with latent variables (8th ed.). Muthén & Muthén

National Bureau of Statistics. (2023). Gini coefficient of per capita disposable income of residents in China. https://data.stats.gov.cn/search.htm?s=gini

Nelson, L. J., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2013). Flourishing and floundering in emerging adult college students. Emerging Adulthood, 1(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696812470938.CrossRef

Oishi, S., Kesebir, S., & Diener, E. (2011). Income inequality and happiness. Psychological Science, 22(9), 1095–1100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417262.CrossRefPubMed

Padilla-Walker, L. M., Carlo, G., & Memmott-Elison, M. K. (2018). Longitudinal change in adolescents’ prosocial behavior toward strangers, friends, and family. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 28(3), 698–710. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12362.CrossRefPubMed

Penner, L. A., Dovidio, J. F., Piliavin, J. A., & Schroeder, D. A. (2005). Prosocial behavior: Multilevel perspectives. Annual Review of Psychology, 56(1), 365–392. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070141.CrossRefPubMed

Pickett, K. E., & Wilkinson, R. G. (2015). Income inequality and health: A causal review. Social Science & Medicine, 128, 316–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.031.CrossRef

Piff, P. K., Kraus, M. W., Côté, S., Cheng, B. H., & Keltner, D. (2010). Having less, giving more: The influence of social class on prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5), 771–784. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020092.CrossRefPubMed

Piff, P. K., Kraus, M. W., & Keltner, D. (2018). Unpacking the inequality paradox: The psychological roots of inequality and social class. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 57, 53–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2017.10.002.CrossRef

Reiter, A. M. F., Hula, A., Vanes, L., Hauser, T. U., Kokorikou, D., Goodyer, I. M., NSPN staff, Fonagy, P., Moutoussis, M., & Dolan, R. J. (2023). Self-reported childhood family adversity is linked to an attenuated gain of trust during adolescence. Nature Communications, 14(1), 6920 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41531-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rodríguez-Bailón, R., Sánchez-Rodríguez, Á., García-Sánchez, E., Petkanopoulou, K., & Willis, G. B. (2020). Inequality is in the air: Contextual psychosocial effects of power and social class. Current Opinion in Psychology, 33, 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.07.004.CrossRefPubMed

Rogers, L. O. (2019). Commentary on economic inequality: “What” and “who” constitutes research on social inequality in developmental science? Developmental Psychology, 55(3), 586–591. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000640.CrossRefPubMed

Roy, A. L., Raver, C. C., Masucci, M. D., & DeJoseph, M. (2019). “If they focus on giving us a chance in life we can actually do something in this world”: Poverty, inequality, and youths’ critical consciousness. Developmental Psychology, 55(3), 550–561. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000586.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ruck, M. D., Mistry, R. S., & Flanagan, C. A. (2019). Children’s and adolescents’ understanding and experiences of economic inequality: An introduction to the special section. Developmental Psychology, 55(3), 449–456. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000694.CrossRefPubMed

Schmalor, A., & Heine, S. J. (2022). The construct of subjective economic inequality. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 13(1), 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550621996867.CrossRefPubMed

Schröder, J. M., & Neumayr, M. (2023). How socio-economic inequality affects individuals’ civic engagement: A systematic literature review of empirical findings and theoretical explanations. Socio-Economic Review, 21(1), 665–694. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwab058.CrossRef

Seider, S., Clark, S., Graves, D., Kelly, L. L., Soutter, M., El-Amin, A., & Jennett, P. (2019). Black and Latinx adolescents’ developing beliefs about poverty and associations with their awareness of racism. Developmental Psychology, 55(3), 509–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000585.CrossRefPubMed

Sommet, N., Morselli, D., & Spini, D. (2018). Income inequality affects the psychological health of only the people facing scarcity. Psychological Science, 29(12), 1911–1921. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618798620.CrossRef

Spadaro, G., Molho, C., Van Prooijen, J.-W., Romano, A., Mosso, C. O., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2022). Corrupt third parties undermine trust and prosocial behaviour between people. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01457-w.CrossRefPubMed

Sun, P., Liu, C., Yao, X., Zhao, J., & Kou, Y. (2024). Developmental trajectories of intrinsic and extrinsic goals from early to late adolescence and the association with internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-024-02092-6

Tan, J. J. X., Kraus, M. W., Carpenter, N. C., & Adler, N. E. (2020). The association between objective and subjective socioeconomic status and subjective well-being: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(11), 970–1020. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000258.CrossRefPubMed

Taylor, L. K., Merrilees, C. E., Baird, R., Goeke-Morey, M. C., Shirlow, P., & Cummings, E. M. (2018). Impact of political conflict on trajectories of adolescent prosocial behavior: Implications for civic engagement. Developmental Psychology, 54(9), 1785–1794. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000552.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Twenge, J. M., Campbell, W. K., & Carter, N. T. (2014). Declines in trust in others and confidence in institutions among American adults and late adolescents, 1972–2012. Psychological Science, 25(10), 1914–1923. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614545133.CrossRefPubMed

Van De Groep, S., Meuwese, R., Zanolie, K., Güroğlu, B., & Crone, E. A. (2020). Developmental changes and individual differences in trust and reciprocity in adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 30(S1), 192–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12459.CrossRefPubMed

Van Den Bos, W., Westenberg, M., Van Dijk, E., & Crone, E. A. (2010). Development of trust and reciprocity in adolescence. Cognitive Development, 25(1), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2009.07.004.CrossRef

Wang, Z., Jetten, J., & Steffens, N. K. (2023). Restless in an unequal world: Economic inequality fuels the desire for wealth and status. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 49(6), 871–890. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221083747.CrossRefPubMed

Watts, R. J., Diemer, M. A., & Voight, A. M. (2011). Critical consciousness: Current status and future directions. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2011(134), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.310.

Willis, G. B., García-Sánchez, E., Sánchez-Rodríguez, Á., García-Castro, J. D., & Rodríguez-Bailón, R. (2022). The psychosocial effects of economic inequality depend on its perception. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1(5), 301–309. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-022-00044-0.CrossRef

Wray‐Lake, L., Alvis, L., Plummer, J. A., Shubert, J., & Syvertsen, A. K. (2023). Adolescents’ developing awareness of inequality: Racial and ethnic differences in trajectories. Child Development, 94(2), 439–457. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13870.CrossRefPubMed

Wray‐Lake, L., & Flanagan, C. A. (2012). Parenting practices and the development of adolescents’ social trust. Journal of Adolescence, 35(3), 549–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.09.006.CrossRefPubMed

Xie, Y., & Zhou, X. (2014). Income inequality in today’s China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(19), 6928–6933. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403158111.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yamagishi, T., & Yamagishi, M. (1994). Trust and commitment in the United States and Japan. Motivation and Emotion, 18(2), 129–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249397.CrossRef

Yang, Y., & Konrath, S. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between economic inequality and prosocial behaviour. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(11), 1899–1916. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01681-y.CrossRefPubMed

Yao, Z., & Enright, R. (2022). A longitudinal analysis of social class and adolescent prosocial behaviour: A latent growth model approach. International Journal of Social Psychology, 37(2), 242–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2022.2034292.CrossRef

Titel: The Impact of Increasing Subjective Economic Inequality on Prosocial Behavior Development: The Longitudinal Mediating Effect of Trust and Moderating Effect of Socioeconomic Status
Auteurs: Lin-Xin Wang
Yue Ding
Jing Lin
Xin Shi
Yin Huang
Yu Kou
Publicatiedatum: 20-03-2025
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02166-z

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij Erasmus MC & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

The Impact of Increasing Subjective Economic Inequality on Prosocial Behavior Development: The Longitudinal Mediating Effect of Trust and Moderating Effect of Socioeconomic Status

Abstract

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij Erasmus MC & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen