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Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

17-01-2025 | Original Article

Self-Bias and Self-Related Mentalizing are Unaltered in Adolescents with Autism

Auteurs: Letizia Amodeo, Annabel D. Nijhof, David M. Williams, Jan R. Wiersema

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Abstract

Purpose

The self is a multidimensional concept that can be represented at a pre-reflective (first-order) level, at a deeper, reflective level (second-order), or even at a meta-level (representing one’s own thoughts, i.e. self-related mentalizing). Since self-related processing and mentalizing are crucial for social cognition, both constructs have been researched in individuals with autism, who experience persistent socio-communicative difficulties. Some studies suggested autism-related reductions of the self-bias, i.e. tendency to preferentially process self-related content; while others observed a decreased ability to mentalize on one’s own thoughts in autism. However, prior research examined distinct levels of self-related processing in isolation, in the context of separate studies.

Methods

In this investigation, we directly compared self-bias, self- and other-related mentalizing within the same sample of adolescents with and without autism, to identify which of these are altered in this condition. Thirty adolescents with autism and 26 age- and IQ-matched controls performed a visual search task (first-order self-bias), a trait adjectives task (second-order self-bias), a feeling-of-knowing task (self-related mentalizing) and the Frith-Happé animations task (other-related mentalizing). Parents also completed two questionnaires (i.e. SRS, SCQ) assessing the adolescent’s degree of autism traits.

Results

Our findings replicated previous research showing reduced other-related mentalizing in autism. However, we did not find any difference between adolescents with and without autism in terms of first- or second-order self-bias, nor in the ability to mentalize on one’s own thoughts.

Conclusion

In line with recent investigations, our results do not support earlier claims of altered self-related information processing in autism.

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Throughout this manuscript, we use an abbreviated version of the diagnostic term, and refer to a person with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, as a person with (a diagnosis of) autism. With this, we do not intend to take a stance in the ongoing person-first versus identity-first debate, in which there is currently no consensus (De Laet et al., 2023). We acknowledge and respect different language preferences to refer to a person with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.

Given the restricted range of possible scores, we additionally ran a non-parametric analysis on the accuracy data on the Frith-Happé animations task, in line with prior research (see Livingston et al., 2021; White et al., 2011). When applying this approach, we once again found a significant group difference for the ToM condition, p = .042, yet non-significant group differences for both the G-D and Random conditions, p = .482 and p = .488.

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Titel: Self-Bias and Self-Related Mentalizing are Unaltered in Adolescents with Autism
Auteurs: Letizia Amodeo
Annabel D. Nijhof
David M. Williams
Jan R. Wiersema
Publicatiedatum: 17-01-2025
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06705-8

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Self-Bias and Self-Related Mentalizing are Unaltered in Adolescents with Autism

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