Top

Gepubliceerd in:

06-11-2024 | Original Paper

Parents & Cannabis: Adolescents’ Reports of Parent-Related Factors Associated with Their Attitudes About and Intentions to Use Cannabis

Auteurs: Stacey J. T. Hust, J. Willoughby, L. Couto, J. Li

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 11/2024

Abstract

Adolescents in Washington state have grown up with parents legally able to purchase and consume cannabis. In this environment, it is important to determine the role parental cannabis use and parental monitoring plays in adolescents’ cannabis-related beliefs and intentions. Data analyses of online survey data collected from 276 Washington state adolescents (out of the 350 surveyed who answered applicable questions) conducted four years after the first recreational cannabis retailers opened in the state, indicated perceived parental cannabis use was associated with youth’s attitudes and intentions to use cannabis. Parental monitoring was associated with adolescents’ attitudes about cannabis. Adolescents’ perceived closeness to mother served as a protective factor for adolescent cannabis use, unless the mother used cannabis. Instead, closeness to mothers who use cannabis served as a risk factor for youths’ pro-cannabis attitudes and intentions to use cannabis. Overall, the results of the current study indicate that parents serve as a social context from which adolescents learn about cannabis use and its consequences. Implications are discussed in the article.

vorige artikel A window into Their World: How Video Visits Facilitate Father–Child Relationships

volgende artikel Evaluation of the Online First Pathways Program for Equity-denied Families: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Throughout this manuscript we use the term cannabis, although some prior research has used other terms (e.g., marijuana, pot, weed). We used the term marijuana when we collected the data, as our research has found young people are less likely to use the term cannabis than other terms.

We use the term youth interchangeably with adolescent throughout this manuscript.

Austin, E. W., Hust, S. J. T., & Arganbright, M. (2009). Arming parents with strategies to affect children’s interactions with commercial interests. In T. Socha & G. Stamp (Eds.) Parents and Children Communicating with Society: Managing Relationships Outside of Home. New York: Routledge, 215–240.

Hust, S. J. T., Willoughby, J. F., Li, J. & Couto, L. (2020). Youth’s proximity to marijuana retailers and advertisements:Identifying factors associated with Washington State adolescents’ intentions to use marijuana. Journal of Health Communication, 25(7), 594–603. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2020.1825568.CrossRefPubMed

Willoughby, J. F., Hust, S. J. T., Li, J. & Couto, L. (2020). Social media, marijuana and sex: An exploratory study ofadolescents’ intentions to use and young adults’ use of recreational marijuana. Journal of Sex Research, 59(1), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1827217.CrossRefPubMed

Berg, C. J., Stratton, E., Schauer, G. L., Lewis, M., Wang, Y., Windle, M., & Kegler, M. (2015). Perceived harm, addictiveness, and social acceptability of tobacco products and marijuana among young adults: Marijuana, hookah, and electronic cigarettes win. Substance Use & Misuse, 50(1), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2014.958857.CrossRef

Botzet, A. M., Dittel, C., Birkeland, R., Lee, S., Grabowski, J., & Winters, K. C. (2019). Parents as interventionists: Addressing adolescent substance use. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 99, 124–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2019.01.015.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Branstetter, S. A., & Furman, W. (2013). Buffering effect of parental monitoring knowledge and parent-adolescent relationships on consequences of adolescent substance use. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 192–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9568-2.CrossRefPubMed

Braymiller, J. L., Masters, L. D., Linden-Carmichael, A. N., & Lanza, S. T. (2018). Contemporary patterns of marijuana use and attitudes among high school seniors: 2010–2016. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(4), 394–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.06.005.CrossRef

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Harvard university press.

Buchanan, C. M., Maccoby, E. E., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Caught between parents: Adolescents’ experience in divorced homes. Child Development, 62(5), 1008–1029. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01586.x.CrossRefPubMed

Chen, P., & Jacobson, K. C. (2012). Developmental trajectories of substance use from early adolescence to young adulthood: Gender and racial/ethnic differences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(2), 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.05.013.CrossRef

Davis, E., Hansen, C., & Alas, H. (2024, April 30). Where is marijuana legal? A guide to marijuana legalization. U.S. News. https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/articles/where-is-marijuana-legal-a-guide-to-marijuana-legalization.

DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Crosby, R., Sionean, C., Cobb, B. K., Harrington, K., Davies, S., Hook, E. W., & Oh, M. K. (2001). Parental Monitoring: Association with Adolescents’ Risk Behaviors. Pediatrics, 107(6), 1363–1368. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.107.6.1363.CrossRefPubMed

Dorius, C. J., Bahr, S. J., Hoffmann, J. P., & Harmon, E. L. (2004). Parenting practices as moderators of the relationship between peers and adolescent marijuana use. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(1), 163–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00011.x-i1.CrossRef

Dubowitz, H., Roesch, S., Metzger, R., Arria, A. M., Thompson, R., & English, D. (2019). Child maltreatment, relationship with father, peer substance use, and adolescent marijuana use. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 28(3), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2019.1667285.CrossRef

Eisenberg, N., Jones, T. M., Kosterman, R., Bailey, J. A., Lee, J. O., & Haggerty, K. P. (2019). Parenting practices in the context of legal marijuana: Voices from Seattle parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(2), 587–598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1288-9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Epstein, M., Bailey, J. A., Kosterman, R., Furlong, M., & Hill, K. G. (2020). Evaluating the effect of retail marijuana legalization on parent marijuana use frequency and norms in US States with retail marijuana legalization. Addictive Behaviors, 111, 106564 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106564.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Freisthler, B., Gruenewald, P. J., & Wolf, J. P. (2015). Examining the relationship between marijuana use, medical marijuana dispensaries, and abusive and neglectful parenting. Child Abuse & Neglect, 48, 170–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.07.008.CrossRef

Gordon, M. S., Russell, B. S., & Finan, L. J. (2020). The influence of parental support and community belonging on socioeconomic status and adolescent substance use over time. Substance Use & Misuse, 55(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2019.1654513.CrossRef

Habib, C., Santoro, J., Kremer, P., Toumbourou, J., Leslie, E., & Williams, J. (2010). The importance of family management, closeness with father and family structure in early adolescent alcohol use. Addiction, 105(10), 1750–1758. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03021.CrossRefPubMed

Hanson, M. D., & Chen, E. (2007). Socioeconomic status and substance use behaviors in adolescents. Journal of Health Psychology, 12(1), 32–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105306069073.CrossRefPubMed

Hohman, Z. P., Crano, W. D., Siegel, J. T., & Alvaro, E. M. (2014). Attitude ambivalence, friend norms, and adolescent drug use. Prevention Science, 15(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-013-0368-8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Huansuriya, T., Siegel, J. T., & Crano, W. D. (2014). Parent–child drug communication: Pathway from parents’ ad exposure to youth’s marijuana use intention. Journal of Health Communication, 19(2), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2013.811326.CrossRefPubMed

IBM Corp. Released 2015. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

Jacobus, J., & Tapert, S. (2014). Effects of cannabis on the adolescent brain. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20(13), 2186–2193. https://doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990426.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

King, K. A., Vidourek, R. A., & Merianos, A. L. (2015). The association between parenting behaviours and marijuana use based on Adolescent Age. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 22(4), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2015.1025703.CrossRef

Kosterman, R., Bailey, J. A., Guttmannova, K., Jones, T. M., Eisenberg, N., Hill, K. G., & Hawkins, J. D. (2016). Marijuana Legalization and parents’ attitudes, use, and parenting in Washington State. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(4), 450–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.07.004.CrossRef

Lac, A., & Crano, W. D. (2009). Monitoring matters: Meta-analytic review reveals the reliable linkage of parental monitoring with adolescent marijuana use. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(6), 578–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01166.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lac, A., Alvaro, E. M., Crano, W. D., & Siegel, J. T. (2009). Pathways from parental knowledge and warmth to adolescent marijuana use: An extension to the theory of planned behavior. Prevention Science, 10(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-008-0111-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Leban, L., & Gibson, C. L. (2020). The role of gender in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and delinquency and substance use in adolescence. Journal of Criminal Justice, 66, 101637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2019.101637.CrossRef

Lipperman-Kreda, S., & Grube, J. W. (2018). Impacts of marijuana commercialization on adolescents’ marijuana beliefs, use, and co-use with other substances. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(1), 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.05.003.CrossRef

Lubman, D. I., Cheetham, A., & Yücel, M. (2015). Cannabis and adolescent brain development. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 148, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.009.CrossRef

Luk, J. W., Farhat, T., Iannotti, R. J., & Simons-Morton, B. G. (2010). Parent–child communication and substance use among adolescents: Do father and mother communication play a different role for sons and daughters? Addictive Behaviors, 35(5), 426–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.12.009.CrossRefPubMed

Madras, B. K., Han, B., Compton, W. M., Jones, C. M., Lopez, E. I., & McCance-Katz, E. F. (2019). Associations of parental marijuana use with offspring marijuana, tobacco, and alcohol use and opioid misuse. JAMA Network Open, 2(11). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.16015.

Martínez-Loredo, V., Grande-Gosende, A., Fernández-Artamendi, S., Secades-Villa, R., & Fernández-Hermida, J. R. (2019). Substance use and gambling patterns among adolescents: Differences according to gender and impulsivity. Journal of Gambling Studies, 35(1), 63–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-018-09824-x.CrossRefPubMed

Mason, M. J., Mennis, J., Linker, J., Bares, C., & Zaharakis, N. (2014). Peer attitudes effects on adolescent substance use: The moderating role of Race and gender. Prevention Science, 15(1), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-012-0353-7.CrossRefPubMed

Meier, M. H., Caspi, A., Ambler, A., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Keefe, R. S., McDonald, K., Ward, A., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2012). Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(40). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206820109.

Merianos, A. L., King, K. A., Vidourek, R. A., Becker, K. J., & Yockey, R. A. (2020). Authoritative parenting behaviors and marijuana use based on age among a national sample of Hispanic adolescents. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 41(1), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-019-00576-x.CrossRefPubMed

Miech, R. A., Johnston, L., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Schulenberg, J., & Patrick, M. E. (2015). Trends in use of marijuana and attitudes toward marijuana among youth before and after decriminalization: The case of California 2007–2013. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(4), 336–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.01.009.CrossRefPubMed

Miller, S. M., Siegel, J. T., Hohman, Z., & Crano, W. D. (2013). Factors mediating the association of the recency of parent’s marijuana use and their adolescent children’s subsequent initiation. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(3), 848–853. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032201.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

O’Loughlin, J. L., Dugas, E. N., O’Loughlin, E. K., Winickoff, J. P., Montreuil, A., Wellman, R. J., Sylvestre, M.-P., & Hanusaik, N. (2019). Parental cannabis use is associated with cannabis initiation and use in offspring. The Journal of Pediatrics, 206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.10.057.

Pearson, M. R., Liese, B. S., & Dvorak, R. D. (2017). College student marijuana involvement: Perceptions, use, and consequences across 11 college campuses. Addictive Behaviors, 66, 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.10.019.CrossRefPubMed

Pettit, G. S., Laird, R. D., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Criss, M. M. (2001). Antecedents and behavior-problem outcomes of parental monitoring and psychological control in early adolescence. Child Development, 72(2), 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00298.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ross, J. A., & Levy, S. (2023). The impact of cannabis use on adolescent neurodevelopment and clinical outcomes amidst changing state policies. Clinical Therapeutics, 45(6), 535–540.CrossRefPubMed

Rusby, J. C., Light, J. M., Crowley, R., & Westling, E. (2018). Influence of parent–youth relationship, parental monitoring, and parent substance use on adolescent substance use onset. Journal of Family Psychology, 32(3), 310. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000350.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Russell, A., Aloa, V., Feder, T., Glover, A., Miller, H., & Palmer, G. (1998). Sex-based differences in parenting styles in a sample with preschool children. Australian Journal of Psychology, 50(2), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049539808257539.CrossRef

Sarvet, A. L., Wall, M. M., Keyes, K. M., Cerdá, M., Schulenberg, J. E., O’Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., & Hasin, D. S. (2018). Recent rapid decrease in adolescents’ perception that marijuana is harmful, but no concurrent increase in use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 186, 68–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.041.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Schepis, T. S., Desai, R. A., Cavallo, D. A., Smith, A. E., McFetridge, A., Liss, T. B., Potenza, M. N., & Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2011). Gender differences in adolescent marijuana use and associated psychosocial characteristics. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 5(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1097/adm.0b013e3181d8dc62.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Scheyer, A. F., Laviolette, S. R., Pelissier, A.-L., & Manzoni, O. (2023). Cannabis in adolescence: Lasting cognitive alterations and underlying mechanisms. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 8(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2022.0183.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Scull, T. M., Kupersmidt, J. B., Parker, A. E., Elmore, K. C., & Benson, J. W. (2010). Adolescents’ media-related cognitions and substance use in the context of parental and peer influences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(9), 981–998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9455-3.CrossRefPubMed

Shih, R. A., Miles, J. N., Tucker, J. S., Zhou, A. J., & D’Amico, E. J. (2010). Racial/ethnic differences in adolescent substance use: Mediation by individual, family, and school factors. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 71(5), 640–651. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2010.71.640.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shorey, R. C., Fite, P. J., Elkins, S. R., Frissell, K. C., Tortolero, S. R., Stuart, G. L., & Temple, J. R. (2013). The association between problematic parental substance use and adolescent substance use in an ethnically diverse sample of 9th and 10th graders. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 34(6), 381–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-013-0326-z.CrossRefPubMed

Sokol, N. A., Okechukwu, C. A., Chen, J. T., Subramanian, S. V., & Rees, V. W. (2018). Maternal cannabis use during a child’s lifetime associated with earlier initiation. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 55(5), 592–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.06.023.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Stone, A. L. (2020). Adolescent cannabis use and perceived social norm trends pre-and post-implementation of Washington state’s liberalized recreational cannabis policy: Healthy youth survey, 2008–2018. Prevention Science, 21, 772–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-020-01136-0.CrossRefPubMed

Svensson, R. (2003). Gender differences in adolescent drug use: The impact of parental monitoring and peer deviance. Youth & Society, 34(3), 300–329. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X02250095.CrossRef

Tharp, A. T., & Noonan, R. K. (2012). Associations between three characteristics of parent–youth relationships, youth substance use, and dating attitudes. Health Promotion Practice, 13(4), 515–523. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839910386220.CrossRefPubMed

Vermeulen-Smit, E., Verdurmen, J. E. E., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Vollebergh, W. A. M. (2015). The role of general parenting and cannabis-specific parenting practices in adolescent cannabis and other illicit drug use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 147, 222–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.014.CrossRefPubMed

Willoughby, J. F. (2015). Brdsnbz. Health Education & Behavior, 42(6), 752–758. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198115577377.CrossRef

Wilson, S. & Rhee, S. H. (2022). Causal effects of cannabis legalization on parents, parenting, and children: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106956.

Yzer, M. C., Cappella, J. N., Fishbein, M., Hornik, R., & Ahern, R. K. (2003). The effectiveness of Gateway Communications in anti-marijuana campaigns. Journal of Health Communication, 8(2), 129–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730305695.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: Parents & Cannabis: Adolescents’ Reports of Parent-Related Factors Associated with Their Attitudes About and Intentions to Use Cannabis
Auteurs: Stacey J. T. Hust
J. Willoughby
L. Couto
J. Li
Publicatiedatum: 06-11-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 11/2024
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-024-02943-7

Andere artikelen Uitgave 11/2024

Elevating Voices of Black Single Mothers and Their Adolescent Daughters: Strengthening Mother-daughter Program Retention and Satisfaction

Original Paper

Perceptions of Play Among Mothers and Fathers from Low-Income Households in Türkiye

Original Paper

The Associations Between COVID-19-related Stigma of School-age Children and Communicative Support from Parents and Teachers

Original Paper

Profiles of Early Adolescents’ Health Risk Communication with Parents: Gender Differences and Associations with Health Risk Behavior

Original Paper

Just Google it: Evaluating Online Mental Health Information for Parents of Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Original Paper

Evaluation of the Online First Pathways Program for Equity-denied Families: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Original Paper

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij Erasmus MC & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Parents & Cannabis: Adolescents’ Reports of Parent-Related Factors Associated with Their Attitudes About and Intentions to Use Cannabis

Abstract

Andere artikelen Uitgave 11/2024

Elevating Voices of Black Single Mothers and Their Adolescent Daughters: Strengthening Mother-daughter Program Retention and Satisfaction

Perceptions of Play Among Mothers and Fathers from Low-Income Households in Türkiye

The Associations Between COVID-19-related Stigma of School-age Children and Communicative Support from Parents and Teachers

Profiles of Early Adolescents’ Health Risk Communication with Parents: Gender Differences and Associations with Health Risk Behavior

Just Google it: Evaluating Online Mental Health Information for Parents of Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Evaluation of the Online First Pathways Program for Equity-denied Families: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Welkom bij Erasmus MC & Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Registreer

Login

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Elevating Voices of Black Single Mothers and Their Adolescent Daughters: Strengthening Mother-daughter Program Retention and Satisfaction

Perceptions of Play Among Mothers and Fathers from Low-Income Households in Türkiye

The Associations Between COVID-19-related Stigma of School-age Children and Communicative Support from Parents and Teachers

Profiles of Early Adolescents’ Health Risk Communication with Parents: Gender Differences and Associations with Health Risk Behavior

Just Google it: Evaluating Online Mental Health Information for Parents of Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Evaluation of the Online First Pathways Program for Equity-denied Families: A Randomized Controlled Trial