Parental rejection in childhood is an empirical developmental vulnerability factor for mental health problems, dysfunctional relationship orientations, and emotion regulation difficulty. However, theoretical models combining interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory with attachment theory and examining the links among parental rejection, insecure attachment styles, and associated emotion regulation problems in the context of mood symptoms are scarce. This study examines the associations among the recollections of parental rejection in childhood, insecure attachment styles in parental relationships, regulation of positive and negative emotions, and mood symptoms in young adulthood. Hence, a structural equation model including the direct associations of maternal and paternal rejection with mood symptoms and the indirect roles of insecure attachment styles and emotion regulation difficulties in this association was tested in a sample of Turkish young adults. A sample of 411 young adults completed the relevant self-report measures with a cross-sectional design. The hypothesized model explained a substantial amount of variance in young adults’ mood symptoms. The results further revealed significant associations between maternal rejection and maternal attachment anxiety and paternal rejection and paternal attachment avoidance. The corresponding attachment styles were in turn associated with positive and negative emotion regulation difficulties, but following only negative emotion regulation difficulty was significantly associated with mood symptoms. The findings and implications are discussed with respect to theory, previous research, and relevant cultural context.