In recent years, empirical attention to the etiology and development of internalizing problems has increased, alongside the growing recognition of their prevalence and severity. A comprehensive understanding of internalizing problems requires an integrative biopsychosocial perspective. The five empirical papers in this special section present findings from five longitudinal studies that reflect this perspective, and shed new light on the multiplicity of factors and processes that are involved in the development of internalizing problems. This brief introduction unpacks the biopsychosocial construct and highlights the points of conceptual commonality that link the articles.