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21-04-2025 | ORIGINAL PAPER

How Does the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program Achieve Its Effects on Emotional States? The Mediating Effects of Rumination Reduction and Increase in Insight

Auteurs: Matija Gvozden, Ivana Peruničić Mladenović, Danka Purić, Ksenija Krstić

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness

Abstract

Objectives

This study’s main goal was to test whether rumination reduction and increase in insight into one’s psychological states are mechanisms through which the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program achieves its effects on positive and negative emotional states.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study was conducted on a sample of 276 CBT psychotherapy trainees, of whom 180 were in the program group (87% female, M_age = 32). Measures of mindfulness, rumination, and insight, as well as negative and positive feelings, were completed prior to and following the program.

Results

The program was effective in increasing mindfulness (η_p² = 0.24, 90% CI [0.17, 0.31]), reducing rumination (η_p² = 0.11 90% CI [0.06, 0.17]) and increasing positive emotions (η_p² = 0.09 90% CI [0.04, 0.15]), especially those relating to relaxation and warmth (η_p² = 0.2 90% CI [0.13, 0.27]). Reduction in negative emotions was moderate (η_p² = 0.04 90% CI [0.01, 0.09]), while insight increase approached significance (η_p² = 0.01 90% CI [0, 0.04]). Mindfulness achieved a strong direct effect on reducing negative and increasing positive emotional states. Rumination reduction partially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and negative emotions. Rumination reduction was a stronger mediator in comparison to increase in insight, which was not significant. The model yielded a good fit (χ² (9, 269) = 20.529, p = 0.015, CFI = 0.984, GFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.973, RMSEA = 0.069).

Conclusions

The results suggest that the MBSR program is effective in reducing negative emotional states, and especially in increasing positive feelings of relaxation and warmth. Reducing rumination by focusing on the present is a more important mindfulness mechanism than insight.

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Titel: How Does the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program Achieve Its Effects on Emotional States? The Mediating Effects of Rumination Reduction and Increase in Insight
Auteurs: Matija Gvozden
Ivana Peruničić Mladenović
Danka Purić
Ksenija Krstić
Publicatiedatum: 21-04-2025
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-025-02580-1

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How Does the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program Achieve Its Effects on Emotional States? The Mediating Effects of Rumination Reduction and Increase in Insight

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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